OX40 signaling is involved in the autoactivation of CD4+CD28− T cells and contributes to the pathogenesis of autoimmune arthritis

Background CD4+CD28− T cells exhibit autoreactive potential in autoimmune disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It is not well known which costimulator functions as an alternative second signal in the activation of this subset after CD28 expression is downregulated. Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member OX40 is a key costimulator in the activation of T cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the costimulatory effects of OX40 on CD4+CD28− T cells in autoimmune arthritis. Methods Clinical samples were collected from patients with RA and control subjects. Collagen-in... Mehr ...