Agroecology is more and more acknowledged as one of solutions toward sustainable transitions of our food systems. Practices such as agroforestry and diversification of production are part of the strategies used within an agroecological approach. The transitions towards more sustainable food systems faces several barriers, in particular politics. This study investigates at the Walloon scale, how the policies influences the development of agroforestry (AF) and diversification of production in Wallonia. 48 semi-structured interviews with farmers and specialists in agricultural associations were completed and gave data to understand the main barriers for the development of agroforestry (AF) and diversification of enterprises on the farm. The AF development is mainly linked to a cognitive lock-in and the policies hindering its development linked to Walloon laws. The adoption of diversification of enterprises is mainly linked to lack of knowledge and phytosanitary options as well as a legal framework affecting some practices. Based on the barriers found, we propose recommendations to support in the future the development of AF and diversification of production. The development of AF in Wallonia would need an adapted legal framework. The development of diversification will need supports for integrated livestock-crop systems at the regional level as well as supports for intercropping and other innovative practices. ; M-AE