In 2003, a dedicated Dutch committee developed evidence-based guidelines for the treatment of inguinal hernia (IH) in children and adults. The aim of this study was to describe trends in hernia care before and after the publication of the guidelines on IH surgery in the Netherlands. Originally, a retrospective baseline analysis of IH surgery in 90 Dutch hospitals was performed among patients treated for IH in 2001. The results of this baseline analysis were compared with a recently performed second analysis of patients treated for IH in 2005. In children < 4 years of age, the study showed a significant decrease of contralateral explorations. In adults, the study showed that significantly more patients were treated with a mesh-based repair in 2005 (95.9 vs. 78.8%, P < 0.01). Moreover, there was an increase of patients with bilateral hernia treated with an endoscopic technique (41.5 vs. 22.3%, P < 0.01) and more patients were treated in day surgery (53.5 vs. 38.6%, P < 0.01). Lastly, a decline in operations performed for recurrent IH in adults was observed (10.9 vs. 13.3%, P < 0.01). This study showed that most patients with IH in the Netherlands were treated according to the main recommendations of the Dutch evidence-based guidelines