International audience ; Le rôle de gendarmes dans l'avènement du renseignement au Grand-Duché de Luxembourg (1913-1961) par Dr. HDR géralD arBoIt 1 aBstract. Luxembourg seems a poor relation in the advent of Intelligence Studies. The gendarmerie thus became the spur that enabled the implementation of a Service de renseignement de l'État (SRE) in the summer of 1960. It was led to invent an intelligence that could correspond to the requirements of maintaining order, sought after by policy makers, but also finding similarities with surrounding intelligence services. It was therefore initially a criminal brigade (Kriminal-Brigade) which initially housed counterintelligence activities. Then, from this original embryo, was installed a public security (Öffentlicher Sicherheitsdienst). After the WW2, its political section was used to create first the Army 2nd Bureau, then the SRE. It's often forgotten that until the early 1960s, the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg remained a largely rural country and whose State had few resources. By internationalizing the danger, the Cold War led some Luxembourgers to join a camp opposed to the choice of the Luxembourg government. Added to this was a national political polarization that was exploited by the American services to achieve their goals. The intelligence structure adopted between 1951 and 1960, on older bases, intended to respond to this. The enemy within responded with its propaganda tool which periodically brought the issue of intelligence to an ignorant public square.