Friar Manoel Calado, popularly known as Friar Manoel dos Óculos, had a unique performance in the context of Dutch domination in the sugar captaincies of Portuguese America. Pursued by Bishop D. Pedro da Silva e Sampaio, it was the friar’s contacts with the Dutch, and not exactly his missionary practice, but his friendship with the governor Conde de Nassau, that raised the suspicions of the Bahia’ Bishop, former Portuguese Inquisitor. The aim of the present article is to investigate the contacts of this friar who is well known for his role as a chronicler in the context of Dutch Brazil and managed to escape the inquisitorial nets, through the analysis of the accusations recorded in the Prosecutor’s Notebook of Lisbon Inquisition. The research ends up revealing the confusing modus operandi of this court, articulated through the action of the Bishop of the diocese. The article begins with a brief historiographical discussion about the characterization of the Dutch Brazil as a time of freedom or religious intolerance; it advances on the analysis of the sources that indicate how this friar became suspect among Catholic and he was persecuted among Calvinists; and it concludes by demonstrating the importance of this religious’s missionary practice for the maintenance of Catholicism in that region. ; Atuação singular no contexto da dominação neerlandesa nas capitanias açucareiras da América portuguesa foi a de Frei Manoel Calado, popularmente conhecido como Frei Manoel dos Óculos. Perseguido pelo bispo D. Pedro da Silva e Sampaio, foram os contatos do religioso com os holandeses, e não propriamente sua prática missionária, mas sobretudo, sua amizade com o governador Conde de Nassau, que levantaram as suspeitas do bispo da Bahia, ex-Inquisidor português. Investigar as tramas deste frade que é mais conhecido pelo seu papel de cronista no contexto do Brasil holandês que conseguiu escapar das malhas inquisitoriais, por meio da análise das acusações registradas nos Cadernos do Promotor da Inquisição de Lisboa é o objetivo ...