Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is underdiagnosed in most countries. We report our first experience from a national pilot project of cascade screening in relatives of FH patients. Participating specialists recruited consecutive index patients (IP) with Dutch Lipid Clinic Network (DLCN) score ≥6. After informed consent, the relatives were visited by the nurses to collect relevant clinical data and perform blood sampling for lipid profile measurement. FH diagnosis in the relatives was based on the DLCN and/or MEDPED FH (Make-Early-Diagnosis-to-Prevent-Early-Deaths-in-FH) criteria. In a period of 18 months, a total of 127 IP (90 with definite FH and 37 with probable FH) were enrolled in 15 centres. Out of the 270 relatives visited by the nurses, 105 were suspected of having FH: 31 with DCLN score >8, 33 with DLCN score 5-8 and 41 with MEDPED FH criteria. In a post-hoc analysis, another set of MEDPED FH criteria established in the Netherlands and adapted to Belgium allowed to detect FH in 51 additional ...