Ticks are a major threat for both human and animal health because they transmit diseases that affect these populations. Risk of vector-borne diseases results from the combination of hazard and exposure. Hazard represents the strength of the zoonotic transmission cycle, and is determined by the ecological conditions that influence the lifecycles of the pathogens, the vectors and the hosts. Exposure represents the intensity of contacts that susceptible human or animal populations have with places where infected ticks are present, in relation to their activities and preferences. It is largely determined by land use, for example the accessibility and attractiveness of places where infected hosts/vectors are found. Landscape has thus an influence on both hazard and exposure. Distinguishing the effects of some landscape variables on hazard and on exposure can be challenging, especially as many variable implementation use proxies of tick habitat suitability or of landscape attractiveness. This challenge is further compounded by the data used to understand vector-borne disease data. Only data on infectious vector abundance can represent hazard, but due to the difficulty of collecting such data in a large number of places, other data sets are often used. Epidemiological data, in the form of human or domestic animal disease cases, is found attractive in this context, as they tend to correspond to systematic, spatially exhaustive reporting. However, such data does not allow a straightforward distinction between hazard and exposure as a disease case is the result of both. Still, a number of landscape factors are not exclusively attributable to one or the other components of risk, and interpretations found in the literature are often considering primarily hazard. Comparisons of empirical studies across the literature is further complicated by the use of heterogeneous data sources on the landscape, with different semantic contents on land cover, different resolution, and diverse landscape indicators. In this study, we use a ...