Description: The objectives of this study were:1) To investigate the effects of progressive land use change from pre-development forest, through forest clearing and cultivation to plantation maintenance on occurrence of vector mosquitoes. 2) To determine the status of Anopheles donaldi as a vector of malaria in changing land uses. 3) To study the seasonality, abundance and behaviour of vector mosquitoes in study areas. Methods Study sites: Study areas were located at The SAFE Project field site: 1. areas between Maliau Basin Conservation Area (old growth site), 2. logged forest sites in the Benta Wawasan area (area undergoing clearing), 3. oil palm plantation sites in Benta Wawasan's Silangan Batu Estate (oil palm site) Mosquito collection Mosquito samplings (adults and immature stages) were taken at all 3 study areas every alternate month from January 2017 until December 2018. Every sampling month, 2 collectors (n=2) spent 1 night at each study area where all-night human landing collection were carried out ...