9 páginas ; Background:Exposure to community violence is common worldwide and is associated with emotional andbehavioural problems in children. Little is known about sources of resilience. Building on our previous work on thecontribution of callous-unemotional (CU) traits to child aggression in Colombia, we examined whether positiveparenting is protective for children whose families are exposed to community violence.Methods:Families wererecruited from three demographically contrasting regions of Colombia. The sample comprised 235 children aged3.5 years and their mothers, of whom 220 (93%) were followed up at age 5.0 years. Positive parenting was assessedas the average of maternal warmth and reciprocity, and as praise, and negative parenting as the average of negativeaffect and conflict seen in video recordings of standardized procedures. CU traits and oppositional defiant disorderwere assessed by maternal report at ages 3.5 and 5.0 years, and mothers reported exposure to community violenceover the 18 months between assessments. A range of potential confounds was included in adjusted analyses.Results:In the families who were exposed to community violence, but not in the unexposed, maternal warmth andreciprocity were associated prospectively with lower CU traits (interaction,p=.007). In the exposed group maternalwarmth and reciprocity explained 10% of the variance (b= .34,p=.001). Maternal praise was not associated withCU traits. Maternal negative parenting predicted higher CU traits as the main effect but not in interaction withcommunity violence exposure.Conclusions:Maternal warmth and reciprocity with young children may promoteresilience in the face of community violence. Programmes to enhance these protective processes may be neededespecially where prospects for reducing community violence are limited. The centrality of parents for these childrenhighlights the plight of those exposed to community violence, and also either separated from parents or orphaned. ; Antecedentes: la exposición a la violencia ...