In view of their increasing risk of introduction and their possible implications in causing major disease outbreaks, vectors, as well as vector-transmitted diseases like dengue, West Nile disease, Lyme disease and bluetongue need to be recognised as a threat to public and animal health and to the economy, also in the Netherlands. There has been an increase in the incidence of these diseases in the past two to three decades. Climate changes and changes in the use of land, water management, international trade, travel behaviour and urbanisation are generally recognised as the underlying factors. The Netherlands is expected to witness an increase in the introduction of exotic vectors and vector-transmitted diseases over the next few years. More information is needed for optimalization of early warning and preparedness. ; NL; nl; vwaefsafocalpoint@vwa.nl