The aim of this paper is to take a broader and integrative perspective of university-industry knowledge transfer policies by providing new empirical insights on the diversity of university-industry knowledge interactions. More in particular, we argue and show in this paper that in order to improve the relevance and effectiveness of technology transfer policies, a more refined empirical understanding of how it operates and how it varies with one or more relevant contingencies is required. Therefore, we analyze diversity both from a disciplinary perspective (the dominant way in which academia is organized) and a sectoral perspective (the dominant way in which industry is organized), using original empirical data. The data is developed in two related questionnaires, one aimed at university researchers and one at industry researchers. We will contrast these findings with the outcomes of a case study on Dutch technology transfer policies over the last two decades. Based on our new empirical data we will assess its effectiveness across the various technologies. We also present a policy discussion based on a comparison of the empirical data with the existing policies and policy instruments in the Netherlands. Overall, we conclude that policy should also reflect the diversity of academic disciplinary patterns of knowledge transfer. Furthermore, we recommend creating incentives, through policy instruments and governance by technology transfer indicators, which stimulate more varied and differentiated technology transfer behavior of universities.