European Arctic Policy: Interests of the Non-Arctic States and the EU

International audience ; The European non-Arctic states – the UK, Germany, France, Italy, Spain, the Netherlands, Poland, and Switzerland – are mostly experienced Arctic explorers. From the very beginning, their attention to the Arctic was driven, firstly, by an interest in finding the shortest trade routes from Europe to Asia and, secondly, by scientific research. At the end of the twentieth century, the participation of European non-Arctic countries in Arctic governance began to be institutionalized – this group of countries received the status of observers in the AC. The range of their inte... Mehr ...