The average occurrence probability change (average occurrence probability change from 0% NLC to others, e.g. NLC at 1x1 km resolution increases from 0% to 11%) of different species groups.

a, All native species vs exotic species. b, Threatened species vs not threatened species. c, Rare species vs common species. d, Rare species vs common species, but rare species are classified into three categories (i.e. very rare, rare, rather rare) according to the Red List of Vascular Plants of the Netherlands [ 26 ]. Lines represent the best-fit regressions.