Hypertension (HTN) and dyslipidemia (DYS) are common risk factors for cardiovascular (CV) disease, which are often found in the same patient. This retrospective cohort study was conducted in the Integrated Primary Care Information (IPCI) database in The Netherlands to record the prevalence of concomitant HTN/DYS, and to assess the percentage of patients identified with DYS once HTN is diagnosed, and vice versa. A total of 309,918 subjects, aged ≥16 years with ≥1 year of valid history with one of 150 physicians working with the IPCI during 1998–2002, were studied. Hypertension was identified by physician diagnosis, or blood pressure >140/90 mmHg on ≥2 occasions, and/or use of specific medication for HTN. Dyslipidemia was identified by physician diagnosis, or total cholesterol >5 mmol/L, and/or use of statins. Prevalence and treatment of HTN and DYS were assessed on January 1 each year. Comparisons of the percentage of patients identified with DYS amongst those with HTN and those without HTN were made. Similarly, comparisons of the percentage of patients identified with HTN amongst those with and without DYS were also undertaken. Hazard ratios were calculated using a Cox-proportional hazard model adjusted for age and gender. Prevalence of concurrent HTN/DYS increased from 7.1% in 1998 to 9.4% in 2002 and rose sharply with age (approximately 30% in persons aged 65–74 years). Of patients with concurrent HTN/DYS in 2002 (n=4731), 25% received treatment for both conditions, 35% were treated for HTN alone, 8% for DYS alone, and 31% did not receive treatment for either. At 1 year, 6.9% (95% CI, 6.4–7.4%) of those with DYS were identified as having HTN versus 13.1% (95% CI, 12.3–13.9%) at 3 years. Subjects with DYS were twice as likely to be diagnosed with HTN compared with those without DYS (RR=2.1; 95% CI, 1.9–2.2). At 1 year, 17.0% (95% CI, 16.4–17.7%) of those with HTN were identified as having DYS versus 26.8% (95% CI, 26.0–27.6%) at 3 years. Subjects with HTN were 7 times more likely to be diagnosed with DYS ...