The downhill journey of the Java sugar economy in the Netherlands Indies (Later Indonesia) from the late 19th century to the mid-20th century

Java Island was the second largest world cane sugar producer and sugar exporter to the international market next to Cuba for more than four subsequent decades around the turn of the 19th century. The economy of Java had shown a miracle development through high production efficiency and international market supply between 1870 and the 1920s. During this period colonial growth was characterized by liberal and increasingly developmental policies. However, the Java sugar market faced constraints and continued to be checked by crises in which Indonesia actually fell behind the rest of the world eco... Mehr ...