This data file containes the environmental and biological data used for the paper of Daumal et al. (2024): "Effect of a large-scale Nature-based Solution on aquatic biodiversity in a gravel river in The Netherlands" Main stream, secondary channels, gravel lakes and tributaries in the Border Meuse valley were compared to analyze their contribution to the regional diversity. Abstract: 1. Nature-based solutions (NbS) give space back to rivers and have the potential to improve biodiversity in aquatic habitats. More research is needed to understand the effect of river-reach NbS restoration efforts on ecological quality. 2. Macroinvertebrates were sampled in mainstream, secondary channels, lakes, and tributaries of the Border Meuse valley. Local abiotic conditions, taxa, abundances, unique taxa contribution, and diversity indices were compared between water-body types. 3. Water-body types were differing in local conditions driving invertebrate communities. The main and secondary channels of the Border Meuse had ...