This dataset provides palaeoecological and sedimentological data for the Late-glacial and Holocene sediment sequence retrieved from Lake Uddelermeer (The Netherlands) in 2012. Counts of pollen and chironomids are presented against both depth (cm) and age (cal yr. BP), and a loss-on ignition record is presented against depth. A total of 110 samples were analysed for their pollen content; a subset of 32 samples was analysed for sterol and stanol compounds. A total of 1412 samples were analysed for their organic content, approximated through loss-on-ignition. The data provides information on changes in the local and regional vegetation, changes in the within-lake ecosystem and changes in minerogenic input into the lake. The dataset has been used to identify Holocene lake level changes at the site. Cores were retrieved from the centre of the lake using a 3-m long handheld piston corer deployed from a floating coring platform during field work in April and May 2012. Samples were obtained from splits of the core ...