In this article, an overview is provided of Brucella canis , its prevalence and the significance of the threat posed by this pathogen to dog breeders, dog owners and veterinarians in Flanders. Recently, reports on the occurrence of B. canis on mainland Europe are on the increase. In dogs, this pathogen mainly causes reproductive disorders, but discospondylitis and eye pathologies can occur. Furthermore, lymphadenitis and symptoms of general illness may also be present. Other symptoms are rather rare. Dog populations at risk include breeding stock, stray dogs, dogs imported from areas endemic for B.canis , such as the United States, Central and South America and Asia, and dogs imported from regions at risk, such as the Mediterranean and Eastern Europe. Serology is the most important diagnostic tool and the diagnosis must be made by a recognized laboratory (Sciensano). This laboratory is also obliged to report positive cases to the Federal Agency for the Safety of the Food Chain (FAVV). Treatment is unsuccessful, so euthanasia is recommended. Furthermore, B. canis does not only cause disease in dogs, but is also a zoonotic disease.