Knowledge and perceptions in participatory policy processes: Lessons from the Dutch Delta

Water management problems are often complex and unstructured, because knowledge is uncertain and stakeholders’ perceptions diverge. Dealing with these problems requires that stakeholders first reach an agreement about a valid problem-solution formulation. The initiation of an interactive or participatory process may contribute to this process of problem structuring. To get insight in problem structuring, we investigated a case study in the Dutch Delta. The case study shows that strategic and cognitive learning and two different types of knowledge – scientific and stakeholder knowledge – contri... Mehr ...