Ecology and population dynamics of the common eider in the Dutch Wadden Sea

Eiders Somateria mollissima have expanded their range and their numbers have increased dramatically during the last two centuries. This study analyses the situation for Eiders in The Netherlands. Eider colonies in the Dutch Waden Sea settled with one or a few pairs. Their starting phase with numbers of less than 10, lasted 5 to 20 years in the various colonies. . Zie: Summary