Who develops long COVID? Longitudinal pre-pandemic predictors of long COVID and symptom clusters in a representative Dutch population

Objectives: Prior studies show that long COVID has a heterogeneous presentation. Whether specific risk factors are related to subclusters of long COVID remains unknown. This study aimed to determine pre-pandemic predictors of long COVID and symptom clustering. Methods: A total of 3,022 participants of a panel representative of the Dutch population completed an online survey about long COVID symptoms. Data was merged into 2018/2019 panel data covering sociodemographic, medical, and psychosocial predictors. A total of 415 participants were classified as having long COVID. K-means clustering was... Mehr ...