Sublethal effects of NeemAzal- T/S botanical insecticide on Dutch and Serbian populations of Encarsia formosa (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) ...

Sublethal effects of an azadirachtin-based botanical insecticide (commercial product NeemAzal-T/S) on behaviour, life history traits and population growth of one commercial (Dutch strain, D) and two Serbian populations (Bujanovac, B; Negotin, N) of Encarsia formosa Gahan were evaluated in laboratory bioassays. In a two-choice test, parasitoids from all tested populations preferred to parasitise the untreated whitefly nymphs over those treated with 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25 and 3.12 mg/l of azadirachtin. All concentrations caused significant deterrent effects after 24 h, and the following deterrence i... Mehr ...