Dynamics and drivers of affective polarization in the Dutch 2023 parliamentary elections ...

We study how levels of affective polarization have developed over the course of a single election campaign, namely the Dutch 2023 general elections. Furthermore, we study to what extent these developments are driven by and drive how certain (determined) people become about which party to vote for. To test these effects, we employ a seven-wave panel survey held over the course of the Dutch 2023 election campaign. ...