Concentrations of E. coli, ESBL producing E. coli and CPE in the Dutch-German Vechte catchment

The occurrence of fecal indicator bacteria (E. coli) and antibiotic resistant E. coli, namely ESBL-producing E. coli (ESBL-EC) and carbapenemase-producing E. coli (CP-EC) were measured in the Dutch-German transboundary catchment of the Vecht River over the course of one year. Bacterial concentrations were monitored in in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) influents and effluents and in surface waters with and without WWTP influence.