Decline of depressive symptoms in Europe: differential trends across the lifespan

Purpose: We examined changes in the burden of depressive symptoms between 2006 and 2014 in 18 European countries across different age groups. Methods: We used population-based data drawn from the European Social Survey (N = 64.683, 54% female, age 14-90 years) covering 18 countries (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Ireland, The Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland) from 2006 to 2014. Depressive symptoms were measured via the CES-D 8. Generalized additive models, multilevel regression, and linear regress... Mehr ...