Data from an outdoor mesocosm experiment as presented in the paper: “Rapid evolution leads to differential population dynamics and top-down control in resurrected Daphnia magna populations”. The experiment was carried out in an open grass field at the outdoor experimental area of the laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation (ARENA) in Heverlee, Belgium, during the summer of 2014. Resurrected Daphnia magna populations from three periods, each with a different fish stocking level, were used. The Daphnia populations were exposed to two different treatments: with fish (Predation treatment) and without fish (Control treatment). The first file (i.e. “mesocosm_time_series1.csv”) contains daily measurements of chlorophyll a concentration (as a measure of phytoplankton biomass), every three days measurements of density of juvenile Daphnia, density of adult Daphnia and temperature for the three populations (Pre-fish, High-fish and Reduced-fish) in Control and Predator treatments (9 columns and 1705 ...