This study aims to identify determinants of the labor mobility of Congolese migrants (DRC) in Belgium. Using survey data, we highlight the characteristics of Congolese migrants living in Belgium through their educational level and their professional status. In spite of their high level of qualification, Congolese migrants have to cope with a strong rate of underemployment. Among those who get to work, many are overqualified. Downward, lateral or upward patterns of labor mobility associated with the migration are identified through a comparison of their work experience on the Congolese labor market and in Belgium. Secondly, we study the main determinants of this labor mobility. The focus is put on sociodemographic characteristics (sex, age, family composition, nationality), the human capital resources (education, past professional experience), as well as social capital (network at destination) and migratory project (reasons of the departure, papers). The results indicate that women are more likely than men to face a downward labor mobility, particularly when they arrive along with their husband or rejoin them. Men are more likely to find a similar job than in DR Congo, especially if they have close relatives in Belgium.