International audience ; Viticulture spread in non-Mediterranean Gaul much earlier and more widely than ancient sources let imagine and than our predecessors, Camille Jullian and Roger Dion, had assumed. The development of archaeology, especially rescue archaeology, in the whole territory resulted in the discovery of a vast amount of remains connected to vine cultivation and wine producing in the Tres Galliae and in Germania : plantation pits, pollen and carpological traces, press remains, wine grower tools, wine amphorae kilns. The generalization of wood and leather implements for wine making and as well for selling certainly still distorts our perception of this activity. Nevertheless we now can draw the following picture: vine planting as soon as the early 1 st century AD wherever there are favourable soil conditions, especially in southern areas, quick expansion of vineyards for local or regional markets and continuation of viticulture up to Late Antiquity with regional fluctuations that still need to be described. Archaeological results underline the distortion effects of the few written sources available which can throw fragmented light without context upon a phenomenon which served as a vehicle for the spread of Roman culture as did religion or town planning. ; L’extension de la viticulture en Gaule tempérée a été bien plus précoce et plus large que les sources antiques laissaient supposer et que nos devanciers, Camille Jullian et Roger Dion, ne l’avaient estimé. L’archéologie, surtout préventive, de par son action sur tout le territoire, a permis la découverte de nombreux vestiges attribuables à la culture de la vigne et à la production de vin dans les Trois Gaules et les Germanies : trous de plantation de vignes, indices polliniques et carpologiques, vestiges de pressoirs, présences d’outils de vigneron, ateliers d’amphores vinaires. Certes, l’emploi généralisé d’instruments en bois et en cuir, tant pour la vinification que pour la vente, fausse encore notre perception. Toutefois le tableau qui se ...