Name changes within and identification key for the Salix alba/S. fragilis complex in Belgium and the Netherlands. – Until recently, the name Salix fragilis was used for two different willows. Irina Belyaeva separated both taxa: she described a new species and renamed the second willow as a hybrid. The new insights were not immediately adopted in Belgium and the Netherlands for various reasons. In the meantime, genetic research on Belgian and other European willows makes clear that a name adjustment is also necessary in Belgium and the Netherlands. This article discusses the consequences for the entire group of S. alba , S. fragilis and their hybrids. Three new combinations are proposed. The discussion is limited mainly to wild and spontaneously regenerated willows. The article concludes with an updated identification key. ...