Chestnut trees have been cultivated for centuries in Europe. The mountainous countries of the south are traditionally the largest producers of chestnuts in Europe. Although remaining a marginal crop, several chestnut industries have recently developed successfully in less rugged areas. Chestnuts are economically important species. The European chestnut (Castanea sativa) is native to southern Europe, Asia and North Africa. Its large crown can reach a height of 30 m and more over its 250 to 500 years. The Japanese chestnut (C. crenata) is a tree that has been introduced to Europe because of its resistance to chestnut rust. Euro-Japanese hybrids have been selected for their excellent walnut quality. Chestnuts are rich in carbohydrates and sugar while being low in fat. Its nutritional qualities and its much appreciated taste make chestnut a product sought by consumers. Most nuts produced are directly eaten fresh, roasted, fried or boiled. There are also several value-added processed products. For example, some ...