To prepare for the potential spread of Xylella fastidiosa in northern Europe, addressing data gaps on host plants and insect vectors is crucial. Although the threat to northern temperate areas is considered limited based on climate-suitability modeling, it should not be underestimated considering the impact of X. fastidiosa in America. The risk in these regions depends on efficient combinations between host plants and insect vectors. Salicaceae are potential alternate host for Xylella fastidiosa and potential insect vectors. Therefore, Populus tremula and Salix alba, which are associated with potential insect and commonly found in riparian areas have been investigated. These species are also widely distributed in forests, along roads, and the hydrographic network, potentially acting as stepping stones for the pathogen's establishment and spread. Also, a pilot sentinel plantation was established in the infected region of Majorca to enhance knowledge for pest risk assessment. Prunus domestica cv. Opal, Quercus petraea and Salix alba, along with a network of rosemary 'spy plants,' were used for symptomatic and molecular detection over four years, stressing the need for long-term investigations. Additionally, the flight capacity of Philaenus spumarius and Aphrophora salicina, potential insect vectors, was studied through mark-release-recapture and flight mill experiments, revealing a possible association with riparian areas and long-distance spread. The results highlight the potential for Xylella fastidiosa establishment and spread.