A healthy soil is able to perform many ecosystem services, such as plant production, water cycle regulation, biodiversity support, or climate regulation. An accurate assessment of soil health is an important step in implementing soil conservation and improvement practices for policy makers, soil professionals, and citizens. Many soil health indices have been developed for this purpose. They consist of a soil health score resulting from the aggregation of different types of soil parameters (chemical, physical, or biological). Most soil health indices, however, are tailored to a particular land use and pedoclimatic region that are not relevant to the Belgian context. Moreover, these indices often depend on complex and expensive measurements, making them poorly operational. Here, we propose a methodology that aims to develop a soil health diagnostic tool tailored for Belgian soils by capitalizing on the strengths of existing soil health indices. The proposed approach consists in a review of existing indices to select some to be applied and tested in the field. Based on the critical analysis of the application results, we will be able to develop a tool that would estimate ecosystem services provided by soils of various land uses in Belgium. This tool will be based, as far as possible, on inexpensive, rapid, and accessible measurement protocols. First, the literature review will identify the parameters, protocols, and ecosystem services assessed by existing approaches. To date, few land uses are covered, most existing indices having been developed for agricultural soils. Despite that some indices include only one type of parameter, recent indices (11 out of 23 indices considered) target a more comprehensive understanding by combining chemical, physical, and biological parameters. Indeed, soil health indices tend to encompass the soil in all its complexity, sometimes including indicators of soil functioning highlighting the proper functioning of soil processes, such as organic matter degradation or root development. ...