The process of urban sprawl, which commonly describes physically expanding urban areas, is a major issue for sustainable development. Urban sprawl is known to represent a significant contribution to the overall energy consumption of a territory for energy needs in buildings and for transportation. In this context, the thesis focuses on the energy assessment of existing suburban neighborhoods. The assessment includes two parts: (1) a computational approach combining dynamic simulation tools and a database of building typologies to determine the energy consumed in heating and (2) an empirical approach to assess the energy consumed by transportation systems (home-to-work and home-to-school journeys). The links between the spatial structure of the territory and energy use for commuting are highlighted. Several renewal strategies are proposed to improve energy efficiency in existing suburban neighborhoods. There investigate the thermal retrofitting of existing neighborhoods, the built density and demolition/reconstruction processes together with the location of the neighborhoods. Urban structure acts upon travel energy consumption for commuting. A good mix between work, schools and dwellings at the local scale, which allows reduced travel distances, is a good strategy to reduce transport energy consumption, whereas means of transport used is only of little impact. Student travel behaviors are specific to the level of education and the type of neighborhood. Finally, the thesis discusses the practical implications of the research to operationalize a suburban renewal that articulates energy efficiency of buildings and neighborhoods but also energy efficiency of the urban structure. ; L’étalement urbain monofonctionnel et peu dense de la fonction résidentielle constitue un des phénomènes les plus marquants de l’évolution de nos territoires depuis la révolution industrielle. Selon un rapport de l’Agence Européenne pour l’Environnement (2006), l’étalement urbain menace, par sa rapidité et sa constance, l’équilibre ...