Outdoor light at night, air pollution and depressive symptoms: A cross-sectional study in the Netherlands

Background: Artificial light at night (ALAN) may be an anthropogenic stressor for mental health disturbing humans' natural day–night cycle. However, the few existing studies used satellite-based measures of radiances for outdoor ALAN exposure assessments, which were possibly confounded by traffic-related air pollutants. Objectives: To assess 1) whether living in areas with increased exposure to outdoor ALAN is associated with depressive symptoms; and 2) to assess the potential confounding effects of air pollution. Methods: We used cross-sectional data from people (N = 10,482) aged 18–65 years... Mehr ...