This country report deals with the developments in the Netherlands in 2016. Achieving international climate change mitigation goals is one of the topics that is high on the political agenda, not only because of the obligations that were agreed upon in the Paris Agreement in December 2015 but also because the Netherlands was condemned by the district court of The Hague. The measures and activities of the Netherlands to reduce carbon dioxide emissions was deemed insufficient and unlawful in light of the duty of care. In this so-called Urgenda decision, which was discussed in last year’s report, the court ordered the state to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by at least 25 percent compared to the year 1990 by 2020. After briefly discussing the relevant progress the Netherlands has made in its efforts to restructure environmental law (section 2), this report covers one of the measures considered to implement the Urgenda judgment: closing all Dutch coal-fired power plants (section 3). Another option to secure the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions is to set targets in a dedicated Climate Act. Parliament is discussing a legislative proposal for such a Climate Act (section 4). The Netherlands is (also) lagging behind compared to other European Union (EU) member states when it concerns achieving the renewable energy targets. There has been discussion in the Netherlands as to whether this situation has to do with the main instrument used to stimulate sustainable energy production (section 5). This country report ends with a section dealing with an important case about the lawfulness of the programmatic approach to nitrogen deposition and concerns nature protection law in the Netherlands (section 6).