International audience ; Purpose: Determine the incidence of visual impairment (VI) caused by Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) and the concomitant disabilities in preterm neonates born between 2000 and 2009 in The Netherlands. Methods: Data were retrieved from the Dutch institutes for the visually impaired. They were compared to similar Dutch studies conducted between 1975-1987, 1986-1994 and 1994-2000. Results: Records of 42 infants with VI due to ROP were included. A gradual decrease of gestational age and birth weight but an increase of duration of artificial ventilation, supplemental oxygen administration, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, developmental delay and behavioral abnormalities was found. Compared to the previous study (1994-2000) significantly less children were visually impaired due to ROP (1.84 per 100.000 live births/year vs 3.93 per 100.000 live births/year, p=0.000), the incidence of complete blindness decreased from 27.5% to 7.1% (p<0.05) and more children were treated (66.7% vs 56.9%, ns).The incidence of concomitant disabilities was again high and did not differ a lot from the previous study. Conclusion: Retrospective study showing a significant decrease in VI due to ROP in the Netherlands. Changes in neonatal care did not result in a decrease of concomitant disabilities. More children were treated for ROP, but still 33% were not.