Clearing lakes : an ecosystem approach to the restoration and management of shallow lakes in the Netherlands

In the 1950 s and 1960 s, most shallow lakes in the Netherlands shifted from macrophyte-dominated clear water lakes, towards algae-dominated turbid water lakes. Eutrophication, i.e. increased nutrient loading, is the main cause of the deterioration of the lake ecosystems. Other perturbations, such as the loss of lake-marginal wetlands (nutrient filters, habitat for pike, Esox lucius) and chemical pollution toxic to zooplankton, will have reinforced the effects of nutrient enrichment. The lake restoration strategy has been concentrated on the reduction of the external phosphorus (P) loading. Ho... Mehr ...