Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations of urinary phthalates and bisphenols at age 6 years old with body fat and cardiovascular risk factors at 6 and 10 years and with the change from 6 to 10 years. Methods Among 471 Dutch children, the phthalates and bisphenols urinary concentrations at 6 years and BMI, fat mass index, android fat mass, blood pressure, glucose, insulin, and lipids blood concentrations at 6 and 10 years were measured. Results An interquartile range increase in di‐ n ‐octyl phthalate (DNOP) metabolites concentrations at 6 years was associated with an increased risk of overweight at 6 and 10 years (odds ratio: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.11‐1.87, and 1.43; 95% CI: 1.09‐1.86, respectively). Also, higher DNOP metabolites concentrations were associated with higher fat mass index at 6 years, higher systolic blood pressure at 10 years, a decrease in high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and an increase in triglycerides concentrations from 6 to 10 years ( P < 0.05). Higher total bisphenols and bisphenol A concentrations were associated with a decrease in BMI from 6 to 10 years ( P < 0.01). Conclusions DNOP metabolites are associated with overweight and an adverse cardiovascular profile in childhood. Total bisphenols and bisphenol A are associated with a decrease in BMI from 6 to 10 years.