Characterization of fluoroquinolone and cephalosporin resistance mechanisms in Enterobacteriaceae isolated in a Dutch teaching hospital reveals the presence of an Escherichia coli ST131 clone with a specific mutation in parE

Objectives To characterize the mechanisms of fluoroquinolone and cephalosporin resistance in Enterobacteriaceae from a Dutch teaching hospital in 2008. Methods We sequenced gyrA , gyrB , parC and parE. The presence of plasmid-encoded genes qnrA , qnrB , qnrS , aac(6′)-Ib , qepA , bla TEM , bla SHV, bla OXA , bla CTX-M and bla AmpC was studied by PCR. Escherichia coli isolates were further characterized by AFLP and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Results In total, 49 E. coli , 16 Klebsiella pneumoniae and 3 Enterobacter cloacae isolates were investigated. Mutations in gyrA were found in all... Mehr ...