Spanish Version of the Netherlands Empowerment List: Adaptation, Psychometric Validation, and Gender Differential Item Functioning Analysis

Abstract There is a lack of valid instruments to measure empowerment in Spanish-speaking populations. This study aimed to adapt the Netherlands Empowerment List (NEL), a 40-item scale, into Spanish and to test its psychometric properties examining its dimensional structure, internal consistency, temporal stability, relationships with other variables, and differential item functioning by gender. Participants were 406 users of mental health community rehabilitation services (52.5% male), with a mean age of 47.8 years. Results confirmed a six first-order factor structure of the scale. Internal co... Mehr ...