Implementing ICT in secondary education and teacher training is not a complete success story in the Netherlands. One of the reasons is that for a long time the focus was on the system and learning to use the machine. By introducing the European Computer Driving License (ECDL) and it’s educational variant in the 1990’s the focus remained on the machine and the use of general applications we know from MS-office. Although a lot of effort is put in the training of teachers still less than 50% of the secondary school teachers in the Netherlands use ICT in there lessons. On the basis of the experience of more then 20 years of ICT implementation and research in cognitive learning theory, it is possible to give an account of this. Using to learn seems more and more a condition for learning to use. ; 2nd IFIP Conference on the History of Computing and Education ; Red de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI)