Routine vaccination for influenza and pneumococcal disease and its effect on COVID-19 in a population of Dutch older adults

Objectives: Protective heterologous beneficial effects of vaccines have been reported, and in this study we aimed to assess the impact of routine pneumococcal and influenza vaccination on the incidence and symptom duration of COVID-19 in a population of Dutch older adults. Methods: This cohort study is a secondary analysis of the BCG-CORONA-ELDERLY study, a randomised controlled trial on the effect of BCG vaccination on the cumulative incidence of respiratory tract infections requiring medical intervention in adults ≥60 years. The primary outcome was the cumulative incidence of a self-reported... Mehr ...