This paper deals with a set of illustrations of flora and fauna known as Libri Principis, carried out between the years of 1637 and 1644 in the 17th century in Dutch Brazil, during the government of Maurice of Nassau, by artists and scientists of his entourage. Although Libri Principis, with its two volumes bound with drawings and paintings, has existed for nearly four centuries, it has received little attention, especially from art historians, as it went missing during World War II and was only rediscovered in 1977 in the Jagiellonian Library of the University of Cracow, in Poland. The main aim of my research was to study this material in order to identify its historical trajectory and to investigate how, why and by whom it was produced. Accordingly, it was carried out a bibliographical review and a research on the pictorial techniques used by the traveling artists of the time. As conclusion, I highlight the interest and close relationship of Maurice of Nassau with the development of European Natural History and the insertion of Libri Principis in the broad context of artistic, scientific and technological development of the 17th century. ; Este artigo aborda um conjunto de ilustrações de flora e de fauna realizadas durante o governo de Maurício de Nassau no Brasil Holandês, no século 17, conhecido como Libri Principis: dois volumes encadernados com desenhos e pinturas realizadas entre os anos de 1637 e 1644 no Brasil, por artistas e cientistas de sua comitiva. Apesar de existirem por quase quatro séculos, os Libri Principis têm recebido pouca atenção, sobretudo de historiadores da arte, tendo sido considerados desaparecidos desde a Segunda Guerra Mundial até 1977, quando foram encontrados na Biblioteca Jaguelônica da Universidade de Cracóvia, na Polônia. O objetivo principal de minha pesquisa foi o de estudar esse material buscando conhecer sua trajetória histórica e investigar como, por que e por quem foi produzido. Para isso foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica extensa e pesquisa sobre as técnicas ...