Can the Gateway Hypothesis, the Common Liability Model and/or, the Route of Administration Model Predict Initiation of Cannabis Use During Adolescence? A Survival Analysis-The TRAILS Study

Purpose: There is substantial research linking tobacco and alcohol use to subsequent cannabis use, yet the specificity of this relationship is still under debate. The aim of this study was to examine which substance use model-the gateway hypothesis, the common liability (CL) model and/or the route of administration model-best explains the relationship between early onset of tobacco and alcohol use and subsequent cannabis use initiation. Methods: We used data from 2,113 (51% female) Dutch adolescents who participated in three consecutive assessment waves (mean age: 11.09, 13.56, and 16.27 years... Mehr ...