The polemics relative to the applicability of the ‘Dutch disease’ term to the Russian economy is described. The dynamics interdependence of such indicators as oil price, labour productivity, and mineral output is considered. The negative impact of the oil price increase on wages that affects the number of oil workers and the labour productivity is featured. The availability of intra- and interbranch skewness through the example of the oil and retail industrial trends bears witness to Rybczynski theorem and shows that there is Dutch disease in Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous District (KhMAD) – Yugra economy. The Dutch disease factors impact on the KhMAD – Yugra industry with its unique features is analyzed. The specific nature of the district economy is shown through the example of the influence of the oil-and-gas branch orientation on the retail condition. The commodity turnover figures of the regions with underpopulation are compared.