Student performance in online and face-to-face second language courses: Dutch L2 in adult education

Due to immigration, globalization and a changing labor market, there is a recognized need for flexible learning. In Europe, second language (L2) acquisition specifically has become of vital importance. Research on less commonly taught languages (LCTL), however, is scarce and focuses mainly on foreign language acquisition, compulsory education and on face-toface (F2F) and blended learning. However, the effectiveness of learning a LCTL - such as Dutch - as a second language fully online in adult education has yet to be uncovered. The principal objective of this paper was to investigate whether l... Mehr ...