THE ACTIVISM AND SURVIVAL OF THE RIAU-LINGGA ‘ULAMA’ IN THE DUTCH EAST INDIES COLONIAL ERA (1900-1913)

The Riau-Lingga Sultanate, previously known as the Sultanate of Johore, covered a large region which included the Riau-Lingga islands, Singapore, some parts of Malaya and some parts of the Sumatera eastern coasts. It was considered a powerful Malay kingdom in the region. However, after the defeat of the Yang Dipertuan Muda Riau Raja Haji in 1784, which was followed by the one-sided Anglo-Dutch Treaty in 1824, the sultanate became divided, with only a small part of the region remaining under its rule. This paper attempts to explore the role of ‘ulama’ in Riau Lingga during the Dutch colonial po... Mehr ...