Measuring (sub-)national identities in survey research:lessons from Belgium

This article explores different measurements of (sub-)national identities in survey research and examines to which extent they lead to different results. Using survey data from Belgium, where there is a long-standing tradition of (sub-)national identity surveys, three types of questions are scrutinized: the ‘hierarchical’ question (asking respondents to which of a list of given identities they feel most closely related in first and second place), the ‘Linz-Moreno’ question (asking respondents to situate their regional and national identity vis-à-vis of each other) and the more recent ‘metric’... Mehr ...