ilustraciones, fotografías, gráficas, mapas ; Fire is a key agent in the dynamics and organization of several ecosystems such as pastures and savannas (Parr and Andersen, 2006), also, in some cases it can act as a disturbance agent in numerous tropical forests (Armenteras, González, & Retana, 2013). • The Colombian Orinoco region is considered as a highly biodiverse area. Also, in the last decades has been one of the most affected areas in Colombia due to climate change, fire incidence, and negative pressures due to anthropogenic activities; drivers of the rapid transformation of natural landscapes. • The main objective of this study was to determine how fires influence the landscape configuration and how it affects the dynamics and structure of the non-volant small mammals. • To develop this study, we used a combination of fire remote sensing information, non-volant small mammals, and the associated vegetation of this taxonomic group. With this information we parametrized occupancy models for these animals in relation with fire and through a multiscale approach, we evaluated how vegetation diversity respond to fire, estimating its taxonomical and phylogenetical diversity, using Hills numbers. Finally, using radiotelemetry, we assessed the habitat use if the most abundant species in burned forest. • Overall, our results showed that fires in gallery forests have a differential impact over the community of non-volant small mammals. In some cases, fire can constrain, promote, or have not effects on the occurrence of non-volant mammals. These findings are strongly related with the affectation of vegetation due to fire. The parametrized models suggest that fire has a substantial effect on the species that use high vegetation strata, since these strata tended to disappear or decrease after the fire event. • Likewise, we found that fire had a negative impact over the vegetation diversity at different spatial scales. However, the effect varied depending on what was considered, the taxonomical diversity or the ...