The costs of health care in the last year of life are a subject of debate and myth. Expensive interventions at the end of life often are blamed for the rapid increase in health care spending, but evidence about the existence of such exceptionally high expenditures at the end of life is rare and faulty. This investigation examines the development and composition of health care costs at the end of life for all age groups in The Netherlands. In contrast with earlier studies, this research analyzes both acute care (cure) and long-term care (care) costs. As an alternative for the frequently used concept of calendar years, we employed the concept of life years for calculating the costs at the end of life. We found that when life approaches its end, health care expenditures indeed rise sharply, especially in the last months. However, when we compared total cure costs in the last year of life to the total cure costs for the entire population, we concluded that the end-of-life share was only about 10%. Results of this study show that interventions to reduce costs in the last year of life will have only a modest impact compared to the total health care budget.